Saturday, December 28, 2019

The Is A Hot Topic Across The World Essay - 2105 Words

Equality is a hot topic across the world. Not only concerning gender, but in regard to social class, race, disability, income, and ethnic group, among others. In Canada, we like to think of ourselves as a country as progressive in that aspect. In actuality, however, this is not as necessarily true as we would like to think. After the 2011 Election, female representation in the House was at 26%. While this seems good at first, it is still below what the United Nations recommends as ideal for a shift in policy and government (Anderssen, 2015). Moreover, some political scientists estimate that it will be another century at least before Canada achieves gender parity (Anderssen, 2015). Considering this, what exactly could be done to accelerate our nation’s movement toward egalitarianism for all? One such idea is that of reserving certain seats in the House of Commons for members of specific groups (women, natives, etc). Almost invariably, however, a host of problems follows along in its shadow. The mission of this essay is to analyse the positives and negatives of this approach towards equality within the government, as well as to extrapolate whether or not it should be enacted within the Canadian government using examples from overseas and across the border. Reservation Policy 101 In a nutshell, policies meant to reserve positions within the government are put into action in order to combat discrimination, ensure fairness between those of the majority as wellShow MoreRelatedGoogle s Effect On Our Brain Essay727 Words   |  3 Pagesability to communicate with cultures, family across continents, states without leaving the house. On sites such as Facebook, Instagram, or a hot topics site, people from all over the world are able to communicate with each other about a world topic affecting many. For example previously in the past one was unable to see what was going on in one part of the world, or where a tornado had touched and caused a disaster. Now one can see what is going on in the world within seconds by just connecting to googleRead MoreCross cultural marketing (also known as ethnic marketing) is the practice of marketing to one or1100 Words   |  5 Pageshygienic and clean Its high class quality and the preparation methods are of top level which has helped it to achieve a reputed and high position till now. The data collection techniques which will be used to collect the related information on the topic â€Å"cross cultural marketing with respect to Mc Donald’s† would be secondary based data collection techniques including internet, newspapers, including the required and necessary information. 8p’s India Australia New Zealand SwitzerlandRead MoreDo the Right Thing Film Analysis1096 Words   |  5 Pagesand lead to the climax when Radio Raheem is killed by the police. Spike Lee used many different directorial techniques in his movie. Heat and music were an example of this and were prominent throughout the movie. They were clever ways that Lee got across his ideas, they brought the audience into the movie. They helped immerse you in the movie and made you feel as if you were feeling the heat. I had never seen a Lee movie before and was not let down by Do the Right Thing. It was a film that reallyRead MoreThe Modern Global Automotive Industry Essay889 Words   |  4 Pagesthe environment. However, some new technologies are working to lesson the impact on the environment by automobiles. Some technologies are even trying to eliminate it all together. In this paper I shall discuss these topics and then talk about some consumer opinions about these topics. â€Å"Today, the modern global automotive industry encompasses the principal manufacturers, General Motors, Ford, Toyota, Honda, Volkswagen, and DaimlerChrysler, all of which operate in a global competitive marketplace.†Read MoreNews On Foreign News And Its Impact On Society s View On The United States1475 Words   |  6 PagesThinking of a question related to news was difficult because I am a journalism major and news is a hot topic within my major. â€Å"News† is a very broad statement and can mean many different things. It also brings all kinds of questions to mind. Originally I went with a broad question that later turned into a very specific topic making the research much easier. My first question was, â€Å"How does news based in the United States effect societies views on other countries? How does foreign news affect theirRead MoreAustralia s Commitment For Refugee1073 Words   |  5 PagesCommitment to Refugee’s Since the conclusion of World War II, countries across the world have been constantly searching for a solution to the resettling and protection of those who have fled from the war and violence of their country. The Refugee Convention of 1951, and the Protocol of 1967 were the first rights and regulations that were laid down by many nations (including Australia) to ensure the protection of refugees would remain constant throughout the world. By signing it, Australia committed to providingRead MoreThe New York Times By Nadine Unger998 Words   |  4 Pagesplace on September 23, 2014 in New York. The UN Climate Summit was a meeting to discuss climate change, where the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon invited leaders of governments, the private sector, and civil society to unite towards a low-carbon world. Unger mentions that they are likely to promote â€Å"reducing deforestation and planting trees† as they address â€Å"the rising rate of carbon emissions† (par. 1). She argues against the popular belief of how trees affect climate change and global warmingRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is A Hot Topic Debate864 Words   |  4 PagesIllegal immigration is a hot topic debate in today society as many people have their viewpoints on it. Immigration could be the second most talked about maybe first topic behind terrorism. Illegal immigration has been going on since foreigners were allowed in the US in the early 20th century. Even backed then, there were mixed emotions as many Americans did not favor foreigners and there were many attempts to restrict what they were allowed to do. Immigrants come across the border every day. AccordingRead MoreThe Tensions Between Copts and Muslims in Egypt 782 Words   |  4 Pagesnational unity, which is more symbolic than literal, for the fact that all seven live outside Egypt. The tensions between Copts and Muslims in Egypt have risen recently due to the release of the low-budget film. As protests continued to erupt ac ross the Muslim world, many Libyans condemned the attacks that happened on their soil and came together in a demonstration to show the United States that the attack did not represent Libya or Libyans, with signs reading phrases such as, â€Å"Chris Stevens was a friendRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesMy research topic will explore the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, also known as (ISIS). I chose this topic because it has been an ongoing issue recently along with being a hot and dangerous topic. Picking this topic will help me exploit my audience and grab their attention. Before choosing this topic, I didn’t know very much about it until I did some research and realized how dangerous this Islamic group really is. During my argument I will argue how ISIS has divided countries and have caused

Friday, December 20, 2019

Ethical Dilemmas - 1461 Words

Ethical dilemmas are common issues that every businessman has to face at their working environment. It is not such an easy task for businessman to have an ethical decision making, to choose what the â€Å"right† thing to do. In this following factual scenario, John also has to face some ethical dilemmas in his working environment and have difficulty to find appropriate solution. After a brief summary of the facts, I will discuss some ethical dilemmas which John is confronting and some approaches to ethical reasoning. John is a Patient Accounts Manager of Greensburg Hospital with responsibility to monitor the charges which accrue to a patient’s account while the patient is hospitalized. He discovers an unusual bill listed on a patient’s account†¦show more content†¦If John chooses to record the charge on Izzy’s account, Izzy and the supervising nurse will have the negative influences. Izzy may not receive the cover fee from Medicaid Organization for hospitalization and she may have to cost a lot of money. She is an unemployment woman with several small children. Besides that, when the actions of Izzy are discovered by higher managers, the supervising nurse may have to receive responsibility for not taking care much of the hospital’s property. She may receive some negative consequence, even fire. However, if John does not record the charge and report to the higher managers, he may be the one who receive negative consequences when Izzy’s actions are discov ered. As an accountant, he has duty to record everything truthfully. If he does not do anything, when everything is discovered, he may be blamed for not recording the charges, even be fired. Furthermore, not recording the charges will cost the hospital unsatisfactory fee for Izzy’s action. Kerssens-van Drongelen and Fisscher (2003) stated that when the assessors [financial controllers] may have ethical dilemma of whether to report flaws, given possible consequences for involved people, â€Å"especially if they themselves involved in this process† (p.53). With the development of the society, people nowadays have to face up to much more ethical dilemmas than in the past. Therefore, just only two approachesShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1538 Words   |  7 Pages1. Discuss an ethical dilemma that you have had to face in the workplace. Ethical dilemmas often occur when a manager or an employee is faced with two or more conflicting choices. Give as many facts and details as possible in describing your dilemma. The most difficult ethical dilemma I have dealt with was a summer job I had this past summer, while I was working for a bakery in my hometown. This past particular summer really tested what I believe is right and wrong and how to speak up. One of myRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1291 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemmas in the Workplace As a manager, you are the role model for staff. You set the standards, adhere to guidelines, and exemplify what you expect staff to model. By doing so, you are establishing and sustaining an organizational culture of ethics and integrity, which is the backbone of all successful endeavors. However, even the best structured organizations face ethical dilemmas in the workplace. It is how management recognizes and addresses these occurrences that will either set themRead MoreEthical Dilemma Assignment1766 Words   |  8 PagesCONSENT FORM Thank you for being willing to take part in this interview exploring ethical conflict or turbulence. I would like to transcribe the content of this interview to form a written document to be submitted to Sheffield Hallam University as a piece of assessed piece of coursework. It is important that you only take part in this interview if you want to. As such I would be delighted if you would complete and sign this confidentiality questionnaire prior to the interview taking place. (i)Read MoreCase Analysis : Ethical Dilemma1318 Words   |  6 PagesTitle of Paper: Ethical Dilemma One INTRODUCTION Mrs. Smith, is an 81-year-old widow. She has been widowed for over twenty years. She has been very independent with some assistance from neighbors due to her son living out of the area and unable to assist. Recently, she has had issues with her independence. She has set two accidental fires that caused damages to her apartment, as well as had a recent fall in the bathtub. These issues have gained her son’s attention which has led him to requestRead MoreEthical Dilemma at Workplace Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction – What is an ethical dilemma? Ethics is the term we give to our concern for good behavior.   It is human nature to not only be concerned with our own personal well being, but also that of others and of human society as a whole.   The difference between moral dilemmas and ethical ones, philosophers say, is that in moral issues the choice is between right and wrong.   In ethical ones, the choice is between two rights. Everyday Im faced with decisions of right and wrong, most of whichRead Moret Types of ethical dilemmas Mastery67Questions123Materials Essay2477 Words   |  10 PagesTypes of ethical dilemmas Mastery 67% Questions 1 2 3 Materials on the concept: Typical Moral Dilemmas Confronting Business Communicators Ethics and Law for Management Communication Top of Form 1. As part of an effort to hire younger workers, a multinational organization assures applicants that they will get to visit its offices in other countries and work with the employees there. However, only two out of every nine workers actually get selected for such projects. What moral dilemma best fitsRead MoreEthical Dilemma Case Study842 Words   |  4 PagesAn ethical dilemma is a situation by which its difficult to determine whether a situation is can be handled without disappointing both sides. Therefore, an ethical dilemma exists when the right thing to do is clear or when members of the healthcare team cannot agree on the right thing to do. Ethical dilemmas require negotiation of different points of view (potter, Perry, Stockert, Hall 2011pg 78). The case study briefly explains a situation between daughter and father regarding the fathersRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas of Collecting Data and the Consequential Revision of Commodities, Culture and the Politics of Representations Definitions 1751 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation or data has become assets to companies, being regarded as property to be bought and sold to between companies. However, this has put forward the following primary ethical dilemmas surrounding human rights: the right to informed consent and the right to personal data. In addition to the creation of ethical dilemmas, the collection of human data has brought about a need for a revision of definitions. Commodities are known as a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be boughtRead MoreVices and Virtues: Ethical Dilemmas of a Fading Man Essay1932 Words   |  8 PagesVices Virtues: Ethical Dilemmas of a Fading Man When Sidney Stewart was freed in Manchuria in 1945 after 3 years of imprisonment by the Japanese, the 6’3 American weighed 65 pounds (Goldstein). Stewart was an Army private stationed in Manila in 1942 when they were overpowered by the Japanese. The 21 year-old wasn’t the killing type of soldier. Of course he killed when required, but he wasn’t murderous. He’d been sent to Luzon on the Bataan peninsula after the Japanese invasion and was soonRead MoreNursing Leaders Are Struggling Ethical Dilemmas1263 Words   |  6 Pagesstruggling in ethical dilemmas daily. Ethical dilemma is one of the issue/challenge to the nursing leader. Ethical dilemmas occur when nursing personal values and beliefs conflict with some aspect of nursing care. The struggle is to provide the best nursing care despite of the nurses’ feelings. For example: RN/ nursing leader in residential home has always dilemmas while restraining the patient. sometime patient become so aggr essive that they can harm other people and worker. The dilemma in this situation

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Marketing and Strategy

Question: Write a report on marketing and strategy. Answer: The model proposed by Henry Mintzberg is a metaphor of sorts, taking into account of a launching device, representing a company that sends projectiles, especially products as well as services towards the landscape of targets, meaning markets, confronted with the rivals in the hope of attaining the fit. Therefore, following the Mintzbergs model, it can be stated that traditionally the relationship in between strategy formulation, strategy implementation and performance of the organization used to depict differently. In this model, the companies begin strategy specifying their missions, goals and objectives and after that they engage in SWOT Analysis to select proper strategies (Wheeler 2012). Cornelissen (2014) has stated that the phrase virtual association is used to demonstrate a system of the self-governing corporations that unite together for producing any product and service. It can be stated that virtual organizations are often connected with such conditions like practical workplace, virtual teams as well as the virtual leadership. However, it is required to mention that the goals of the virtual organizations are to supply innovative and elevated quality services and products immediately is retort to the demands of the customers. These features often insist the companies to become virtual organizations. Therefore, it can be stated that an organization become virtual when the employees of the organization are geographically apart, linked through e-mail. It can be stated that at the time of launching a new product in the target market, it is necessary to prepare a thorough evaluation of the market condition before launching the product in the market. After that, the second step is the appropriate way to plan a lunch. After that, it is necessary to focus on successful execution of a product launch and final stage in this case is focusing on the things in order to keep in mind the situation of the post-launch condition. Social media is one of the most important platforms now a day, as this helps the companies to reach a wide section of population in a short time and effective manner. The companies might use social media to leverage as well as support an in-person launch event and this is one of the effective ways to promote the final products and services to the target market. Apart from that, it can be stated that the social media is effective enough in letting the customers create the new products and thus using the social media to l aunch the products in the target market is highly important (Abraham 2012). Gregor and Hevner (2013) have stated that bundling takes place in several businesses as well as product settings. It can be seen that the Electronic retailers most of the times bundle hardware along with software and accessories. For example, it can be stated that a person at the time of buying a computer might get a bundle deal with the printers, cables, monitor and the antivirus software. In construction industry, bundle strategies are seen, for example, when a buyer buys a home, decoration and some other furnishing facilities are provided additionally. On the other hand, product development strategy helps any of the organizations to stay ahead of the competitive market and gain high market attention. In Iraq, terrorism is one of the biggest threats that leave impact in different parts of the lives. Businesses are affected largely by terrorism and construction industry is no more exception in this case. It can be stated that the construction companies are the major engines that drive the economic condition of the nation and thus there must not exist any barriers in case of mobility (Souto-Otero et al. 2013). It has been observed that training is one of the effective tools for enhancing the performance and efficiency of the construction workforce and the mobility barriers in Iraq hampers the entire process. However, in case of Turkish, it can be stated that the economic stability is comparatively better than Iraq and thus the barriers are less here. It can be seen that there exist long-standing interest in the entry behavior of the firms and its determinants, but sometimes the government rules and regulations hamper the entry of the firms in Turkey. Iraq faces a number of transitio ns, one from the state dominated economy with extensive regulation, distortions as well as barriers to the competition along with the labor mobility (Souto-Otero et al. 2013). Therefore, it can be stated that due to mobility barriers in case of labors, Iraq face lot of issues in the construction industry. Strategic fit means aligning the supply chain strategy with competitive strategy and if an organization is able enough to follow this part, it can be stated that the company is able to achieve strategic fit. Therefore, it can be stated that to sustain in the long-run, it is required to achieve strategic fit for all the organizations. Lindow (2013) has stated that in order to achieve the strategic fit, the organizations are required to build a competitive strategy in order to particularly target a set of customer segments and build strategies for satisfying the needs and the preferences of those particular customer segment (Unger et al. 2012). Therefore, in a nutshell, it can be opined that if any company wants to achieve strategic fit as well as sustainability, it is required for the organization to clearly understand the needs and the priorities of the targeted customers along with their uncertainty in demand (Lindow 2013). New product strategy, unique marketing strategy and supply chain strategy are the three major mechanisms that help any of the organizations to secure sustainability of a fit. Figure 1: Achieving secure strategic fit It can be stated that maintaining good relationship and the long term contacts with the clients, especially the governments is considered as the fortifying strategy for any construction company. This might cause some severe risks to the company, it is terms and the policies are not monitored on a regular basis. The client might stick to the old terms and conditions and this might hamper the company (Souto-Otero et al. 2013). Wigand et al. (2012) have stated that environmental scanning is the attainment as well as use of data regarding events, trends as well as relationship in the companys external environment, the knowledge of which would assist the management. Therefore, lack on environmental scanning capability would hamper the development procedure of effective responses that secure as well as enhance their position in the future (Unger et al. 2012). The best strategy of Minztberg is the 5Ps strategy and these are Plan, Ploy, Pattern, position and perspective. This model has successfully demonstrated the model and it can be stated that by understanding each P, one can build up a vigorous business approach that takes full benefit of the companys potencies and potentialities. Researching the variables of model deeply helps in developing a novel strategy that would be useful in most of the real life scenarios (Gabrielsson et al. 2012). References Abraham, S.C. ed., 2012.Strategic planning: A practical guide for competitive success. Emerald Group Publishing. Cornelissen, J., 2014.Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Gabrielsson, P., Gabrielsson, M. and Seppl, T., 2012. Marketing strategies for foreign expansion of companies originating in small and open economies: the consequences of strategic fit and performance.Journal of International Marketing,20(2), pp.25-48. Gregor, S. and Hevner, A.R., 2013. Positioning and Presenting Design Science Research for Maximum Impact.MIS quarterly,37(2), pp.337-355. Lindow, C.M., 2013.A strategic fit perspective on family firm performance(pp. 49-93). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Mashayekhy, L. and Grosu, D., 2014. A merge-and-split mechanism for dynamic virtual organization formation in grids.Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on,25(3), pp.540-549. Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., Richardson, J. and Allen, J., 2015. Is the business model a useful strategic concept? Conceptual, theoretical, and empirical insights.Journal of Small Business Strategy,17(1), pp.27-50. Souto-Otero, M., Huisman, J., Beerkens, M., De Wit, H. and VujiĆ , S., 2013. Barriers to international student mobility evidence from the erasmus program.Educational Researcher,42(2), pp.70-77. Unger, B.N., Kock, A., Gemnden, H.G. and Jonas, D., 2012. Enforcing strategic fit of project portfolios by project termination: An empirical study on senior management involvement.International Journal of Project Management,30(6), pp.675-685. Wheeler, A., 2012.Designing brand identity: an essential guide for the whole branding team. John Wiley Sons. Wigand, R.T., Agarwal, N., Osesina, O.I., Hering, W., Korsgaard, M.A., Picot, A. and Drescher, M., 2012, November. Social network indices as performance predictors in a virtual organization. InComputational Aspects of Social Networks (CASoN), 2012 Fourth International Conference on(pp. 144-149). IEEE.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Work and Organizations Tesla Motors

Question: Discuss about theWork and Organizationsfor Tesla Motors. Answer: Introduction The study is focusing on the change of workplace in modern organizations from 1990s to 2016. It also describes the future trends of the workplace in terms of automobile industry. The study will describe the change of workplace in Tesla Motors. The main theme of the study is focused on automation. In the service industry, online ordering process and automated answering are the most trending system of automation that are practiced in every sector of industries. Review on the Changing Nature of Work Three Points in the Changing Nature of Work In the video it is seen that the assembling facility of Tesla Motors is very innovative. Earlier the nature of the facility was different. There was more number of people in the assembling and manufacturing site when compared to modern facility site. Introduction of new technologies is responsible for the change of work patterns. Innovation of technologies not only improves the quality of the product but also it enhances the working condition of the people at the facility. The video of the manufacturing site of Tesla Motors illustrates different types of huge and small robots that help in assembling of the parts of the motors. This is a significant aspect not only in the technological point of view but also in the change in nature of the workplace. It is seen that there are 3000 workers present in the assembling facility of Tesla Motors. They are very competent so that they can handle the activities of the robots. Control of the activities and ensuring the quality of assembling of different parts of the car require talent and multipurpose skills which is present in the modern workers but are not present in the workers of 90s. The human resource department of Tesla Motors is adopting skills that are meeting the demands of the employees that include employee engagement, job designation, job enhancement, etc. Prediction of Workplace in the Next 5 to 10 years By analyzing the video of Tesla Motors it can be said that the systems of operations Tesla Motors are improved and they are focused on catering the needs of the employees as well as the customers. Prediction of changes in the workplace of Tesla Motors includes different types of improved measures of human resource management process (Cooke 2013). Apart from that, the innovation of technology will enhance more number of robots not only in the assembling section of Tesla but also in the other manufacturing locations, corporate offices, and regional offices. However, it will not only increase the responsibility of the workers but also it will build a new dimension of responsibility and competent skill sets among the employees (Gubbi et al. 2013). Innovation of the technologies will also be implemented to formulate strategies of the improved human resource management. In the coming decade, the whole operational procedures of the various departments of Tesla Motors will drastically change with the implementation of technologies in every aspect (Al Ariss et al. 2014). Implications In terms of employment related changes and employment conditions, change will be there as the whole format of working procedure of the employees. In the future decade, the skill sets and capabilities of the employees will be different from now. Hence, there would be new forms of recruitment and selection procedures for identification of right talents for the organization (Liebowitz and Frank 2016). However, there are training modules that would be formulated for the development of the expertise and skills of the employees associated with the assembling and manufacturing site of Tesla Motors. The company will have to give priority to its employees so that they can increase the productivity of the company as a whole. Innovation may lead to development of many technologies that are self sufficient. Those machines are called robots and they do not require any human assistance for performing the work. In the video, the robots used in the assembling site of Tesla Motors are very powerful. They are capable of doing things that are not possible for a single person. However, the robots have to monitor which require human assistance. This should be developed among the workers present in the different departments of the assembly location (Peretz 2013). Workplace Behavioral Issues The workplace behavioral issues that the companies in the service industry will adapt are motivation, employee engagement, decision-making and the job satisfaction. It is seen that the automation has reduced the physical labour of the employees but the mental pressure is gradually increasing day by day. However, it can be said that in the changed advanced working environment, employees should keep motivated and have the power of decision-making in the field of operations (Nabrzyski et al. 2012). HR managers of organizations should formulate strategies that would motivate the employees in performing their duties efficiently. Monetary and non-monetary benefits are to be provided so that they can give their best input to the work in order to accomplish the organizational goals. In the competitive business world, companies are not only giving priorities to the products or services but also they are giving priority to their employees (Morgeson et al. 2013). Employees are considered as ass ets of the organization. Job designs are to be structured in a way so that talented employees can get attracted to the opportunities provided by the companies of service industries. Another aspect is employee engagement. It is related to the decision-making ability of the employees who are working with the changed environment. Companies must motivate their junior or middle level employees in the decision-making process as they closely work with the different aspects of automations and technology (Brewster and Mayrhofer 2012). Conclusion The study illustrates different types of innovation developed by service and manufacturing industry. The video of Tesla Motors describes that how human beings develop robots that are highly efficient in doing heavy works. It is an example of automation in the automobile manufacturing industry. Apart from that, the robots and other automated machines are used in the assembling and manufacturing facilities of BMW and other automobile companies. Employee related aspects are also described in context of advancement of technology in a detailed manner. References Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W.F. and Paauwe, J., 2014. Talent management: Current theories and future research directions.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.173-179. Brewster, C. and Mayrhofer, W. eds., 2012.Handbook of research on comparative human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cooke, F.L., 2013.Human resource management in China: New trends and practices. Routledge. Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S. and Palaniswami, M., 2013. Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(7), pp.1645-1660. Liebowitz, J. and Frank, M. eds., 2016.Knowledge management and e-learning. CRC press. Morgeson, F.P., Aguinis, H., Waldman, D.A. and Siegel, D.S., 2013. Extending corporate social responsibility research to the human resource management and organizational behavior domains: A look to the future.Personnel Psychology,66(4), pp.805-824. Nabrzyski, J., Schopf, J.M. and Weglarz, J. eds., 2012.Grid resource management: state of the art and future trends(Vol. 64). Springer Science Business Media. Peretz, H., 2013. Information Technology Systems in the Human Resource Management Area. InGlobal Trends in Human Resource Management(pp. 214-236). Palgrave Macmillan UK.